斯德哥尔摩（AP） - U.K.为基础的坦桑尼亚作家Abdulrazak Gurnah，其交叉大陆和文化的经验使他的小说提出了关于个人和社会的迁移的影响，赢得了10月6日星期四的诺贝尔文学奖。

The Swedish Academy said the award was in recognition of Gurnah’s “uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee.“

Gurnah, who recently retired as a professor of post-colonial literatures at the University of Kent, got the call from the Swedish Academy in the kitchen of his home in southeast England — and initially thought it was a prank.

他说，他被奖项“惊讶和谦卑”。
Gurnah表示，他探索的迁移和流离失所的主题“是每天与我们在一起的东西” - 甚至比20世纪60年代来到英国的时间更大。

“People are dying, people are being hurt around the world. We must deal with these issues in the most kind way,” he said.
“它仍然下沉，因为学院选择突出这些主题，这些主题在整个工作中存在，这对解决和谈论它们很重要。”

Born in 1948 on the island of Zanzibar, now part of Tanzania, Gurnah moved to Britain as a teenage refugee in 1968, fleeing a repressive regime that persecuted the Arab Muslim community to which he belonged.

他已经表示，抵达英格兰后，他“跌跌入榜首”作为一种探索移民经验的丧失和解放的一种方式。

Gurnah is the author of 10 novels, including “Memory of Departure,” “Pilgrims Way,” “Paradise” — shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1994 — “By the Sea,” “Desertion” and “Afterlives.” The settings range from East Africa under German colonialism to modern-day England. Many explore what he has called “one of the stories of our times”: the profound impact of migration both on uprooted people and the places they make their new homes.
Gurnah，其母语是斯瓦希里语，但谁以英语写作，只是第六个非洲出生的作者才能获得诺贝尔文学，这一直是欧洲和北美作家，自1901年成立以来。

Nigerian writer Wole Soyinka, who won the Nobel Literature prize in 1986, welcomed the latest African Nobel laureate as proof that “the Arts — and literature in particular — are well and thriving, a sturdy flag waved above depressing actualities” in “a continent in permanent travail.”

“May the tribe increase!” Soyinka told the AP in an email.
诺贝尔文学委员会主席奥尔森奥尔森，称为Gurnah“世界上最杰出的后殖民作家之一。”他说这很重要，即Gurnah的根源是在桑给巴尔，一个“在全球化前的国际化学大都会是世界化”的一个多胶的地方。

“His work gives us a vivid and very precise picture of another Africa not so well known for many readers, a coastal area in and around the Indian Ocean marked by slavery and shifting forms of repression under different regimes and colonial powers: Portuguese, Indian, Arab, German and the British,” Olsson said.
He said Gurnah’s characters “find themselves in the gulf between cultures … between the life left behind and the life to come, confronting racism and prejudice, but also compelling themselves to silence the truth or reinventing a biography to avoid conflict with reality.”

Luca Prono在英国理事会网站上表示，在Gurnah的工作中，“身份是一个不断变化的问题。”学术说，Gurnah的角色“令他们在环境中遇到的人民的固定身份”。
News of the award was greeted with excitement in Zanzibar, where many remembered Gurnah and his family — though few had actually read his books.
Gurnah的书不需要在学校读书there and “are hardly to be found,” said the local education minister, Simai Mohammed Said, whose wife is Gurnah’s niece. But, he added, “a son of Zanzibar has brought so much pride.”
“反应很棒。许多人都很开心，但很多人不认识他，尽管年轻人感到自豪，但他是Zanzibari，“Farid Himid说，他将自己描述为一个当地的历史学家，其父亲成为古兰经的老师到年轻的Gurnah。“我没有机会阅读他的任何书籍，但我的家人谈了它。”

Gurnah didn’t often visit Zanzibar, he said, but he has suddenly become the talk of young people in the semiautonomous island region.

“而且许多老年人都非常幸福。我也是Zanzibari。自互联网接管以来，让人们再次阅读书籍是一个新的步骤。“

The prestigious award comes with a gold medal and 10 million Swedish kronor (over $1.14 million). The money comes from a bequest left by the prize’s creator, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel, who died in 1895.

去年的奖项前往美国诗人路易斯。在几年的争议之后，格鲁克是一个受欢迎的选择。2018年，该奖项在性虐待指控后推迟了瑞典学院，选择获奖者的秘密机构。由于他在20世纪90年代巴尔干战争期间对塞族人提供了强烈的支持，颁发了2019年奖金给奥地利作家彼得乐谱。

On Monday, Oct. 4, the Nobel Committee awarded the prize in physiology or medicine to Americans David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for their discoveries into how the human body perceives temperature and touch.

The Nobel Prize in physics was awarded Tuesday, Oct. 5, to three scientists whose work found order in seeming disorder, helping to explain and predict complex forces of nature, including expanding our understanding of climate change.

本杰明名单和大卫W.C.Macmillan于10月6日星期三被命名为诺贝尔化学奖，以寻找更容易和环保的方式来构建可用于制备化合物的分子，包括药物和杀虫剂。

Still to come are prizes for outstanding work in the fields of peace, on Friday, Oct. 8m and economics, on Monday, Oct. 9.