世界在燃烧。谁在乎音乐是否经受了时间的考验?

A couple lingers on the Kronsberg at the end of a hot day as the sun sets on the horizon in Lower Saxony, Germany. Germany, along with much of Europe, is currently experiencing an unseasonable and dangerous heatwave, which many scientists are attributing to climate change.照片:Julian Stratenschulte / DPA图片联盟通过Get Toprip

“My time will come,” Gustav Mahler is said to have remarked in the face of what he saw as insufficient appreciation of his music during his lifetime. It’s a comforting mantra, one that countless artists have clung to for succor over the centuries: Posterity will get me, even if these people don’t.

但是,如果后代不及格怎么办?更糟糕的是,如果后代根本没有到达怎么办?

Over the recent weeks and months, as the planet keeps heating up and the greed and fecklessness of those in power becomes ever more undeniable, my thoughts turn occasionally to the plight of modernist composers. Throughout the 20th century and even into our own day, countless composers have turned their hands to music designed less for the pleasure of their contemporaries than for the approbation of listeners to come.

赌博是不明智的在第一个温馨的e. “It worked for Mahler, surely it will work for me” are hardly words to live by. Today, in the face of a global climate crisis, it seems more ill-advised than ever.

换句话说,如果您的审美观点是基于这样的主张,即您的音乐只能被子孙后代完全理解,那么如果世界在诞生之前,您会感到非常愚蠢。

Needless to say, this is not remotely the most salient aspect of the current global emergency. We’re living in a moment that requires concerted political action far more urgently than musical theorizing. But I hope there’s room for both. Since music is as much a human endeavor as anything else, it’s also taking place in the face of climate collapse and needs to be understood in that light.

大提琴家杰弗里·齐格勒(Jeffrey Zeigler)与新世纪室内乐团(New Century Chamber Erchestra)进行了大提琴协奏曲“去年”的世界首映式。协奏曲旨在表达关于气候变化的焦虑。Photo: Jill Steinberg

这一点是在11月对我有力地驱动的,当时新世纪的室内乐团和大提琴家杰弗里·齐格勒(Jeffrey Zeigler)在全球首映美丽而悲伤的新协奏曲作曲家马克·阿达莫(Mark Adamo)。该作品的标题为“去年”,包括四个动作,描绘了四个季节。

Adamo’s concerto operates in dialogue with Antonio Vivaldi’s similar set of violin concertos, “The Four Seasons.” Yet it depicts an eerily reconfigured seasonal landscape, a world of severe ice storms and blistering heat waves. The cycle of Vivaldi’s seasons — which he would surely have considered as constant as the stars — is no longer recognizably the same as our own.

这只是一个提醒,多丽丝节是完全正确的:未来不是我们的未来。

然而,整个现代主义项目(至少在音乐中)建立在我们可以知道或希望的主张上,或者在任何情况下,无论如何,都对我们的赌注进行了树篱 - 明天的音乐厅听起来像什么,明天的听众会欣赏什么。

几十年来,我一直以一种或另一种形式对这种观点进行愤怒。我有代表新歌剧争论解决现在对我们现在和现在重要的故事 - 最终似乎扎根于整个领域的偏好。(自然,我声称这一发展为零。)

我反复为挑战当代听众的音乐而案件,但也用他们能理解的语言对他们说话。我对倡导者的主张提出了异议Arnold SchoenbergandElliott Carter这些作曲家的伟大依赖于历史的判断 - 从定义上讲,这一判断是不可知的,因此无关紧要。

这种哲学的核心是一组想法,可以追溯到19世纪的浪漫主义,这是弗朗兹·李斯特(Franz Liszt)的“未来音乐”一词的总结。这是基于音乐随着时间的推移而进化的公理,例如,变得更加复杂,更复杂,更加“先进” - 作曲家的作用是帮助进一步的艺术游行。

值得庆幸的是,近几十年来,至少以明确的形式,这种思想的大部分时间都陷入了困境。现在,越来越多的人知道作曲家的作用实际上是创造美丽,锻造令人兴奋的新声音,并激发人们对生活听众的敬畏和喜悦。历史的非个人精神完全有能力照顾自己。

不过,旧习惯艰难地死了。您仍然可以发现人们为新作品是否会“经受时间考验”而感到烦恼。您仍然可以遇到音乐家,他们根据“进步”(是的!)还是“反动”(Boo!)来判断工作的音乐家。

音乐历史直接向某个想象的目标移动的想法,就好像遵循巨大的箭一样,它嵌入了我们的文化前景中。这个想法的逻辑后果也是如此,即从他们更大的知识的有利位置来看,未来的听众应该是艺术价值的最终仲裁者,而不是当今我们活着的人。

这些观念一直是愚蠢,错误和有害的。但是在2022年 - 当我们开始努力应对人类可能并不像我们始终假设的那样永久的发明的可能性时 - 使批准后代的艺术的想法似乎特别误导了,这是一种疯狂。

这可能是我们唯一的一次。今天的听众可能是唯一的听众。让我们坚持认为,我们听到的音乐回答了我们自己的特殊要求 - 为了温柔,兴奋和喜悦。

  • 约书亚·科斯曼(Joshua Kosman)
    约书亚·科斯曼(Joshua Kosman)约书亚·科斯曼(Joshua Kosman)is The San Francisco Chronicle’s music critic. Email: jkosman@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @JoshuaKosman